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Cleure Ingredient Glossary for Sensitive Skin

✅ = Good - Formulated with non-irritating and effective ingredients.
⚠️ = Bad - These ingredients carry a notable risk of irritation, especially when used alongside other sensitizing components. Though they may offer some benefits, research shows they are more likely to cause harm than improve skin health overall.

We highly recommend patch testing new products if you have sensitive skin.

Wondering what’s really in your skincare? Our ingredient glossary helps you quickly understand which ingredients are safe and soothing, and which may irritate sensitive skin. Use this guide to make confident, informed choices for healthier, happier skin.

Jump to: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z

A

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer

Function: Thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier
Common Products: Gels, creams, lotions, sunscreens
Benefits/Concerns: Enhances texture and stability of formulations; generally non-irritating and safe for sensitive skin when neutralized properly
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2002;21(Suppl 1):1–50

Adenosine

Function: Skin-soothing agent, anti-wrinkle, cell-signaling ingredient
Common Products: Anti-aging creams, serums, eye treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Helps improve skin smoothness and reduce appearance of fine lines; supports skin barrier and cellular energy; generally well-tolerated by sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006;28(6):453–459

Alpha Amyl Cinnamic Alcohol

Function: Fragrance component
Common Products: Perfumes, personal care products
Benefits/Concerns: Potential allergen, skin sensitizer
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(4):219–225

Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)

Function: Chemical exfoliants (e.g., glycolic, lactic acid)
Common Products: Peels, toners, moisturizers
Benefits/Concerns: Improve texture and skin tone; acne management; may sting or irritate sensitive skin, especially at higher concentrations. Patch test before use
Recommended? ⚠️✅ Coordinate with your dermatologist for recommended use and dosage.
Reference: Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(7 Pt 2):860–865

Allantoin

Function: Skin protectant, soothing agent
Common Products: Moisturizers, creams, lip balms
Benefits/Concerns: Promotes wound healing, reduces irritation
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Dermatol Ther. 2019;32(3):e12842

Alcohol Denat. (Denatured Alcohol)

Function: Solvent, astringent
Common Products: Toners, astringents, hair sprays
Benefits/Concerns: Can cause dryness and irritation with frequent use
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(12):37–40

Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf Juice

Function: Soothing, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory
Common Products: After-sun gels, moisturizers, facial masks
Benefits/Concerns: Hydrating and soothing for sensitive or sunburned skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;115(1):1–8

Alpha Arbutin

Function: Skin brightener, inhibits melanin production
Common Products: Serums, moisturizers, brightening treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Reduces hyperpigmentation; gentle alternative to hydroquinone
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(1):51–56

Aluminum Compounds (e.g., Aluminum Chlorohydrate, Alumina)

Function: Antiperspirant agent, opacifying agent
Common Products: Deodorants, sunscreens, makeup
Benefits/Concerns: Effective in blocking sweat; some concerns about long-term use and skin irritation; generally considered safe, but may irritate sensitive underarm skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Crit Rev Toxicol. 2008;38(1):1–16

Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (ALS)

Function: Surfactant, cleanser
Common Products: Shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Known skin irritant; disrupts skin barrier and causes dryness in sensitive individuals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 1996;34(1):1–8

Amyl Cinnamal

Function: Fragrance ingredient
Common Products: Fragranced skincare and haircare items
Benefits/Concerns: Common skin allergen; may cause dermatitis
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2008;58(4):229–230

Anisyl Alcohol

Function: Fragrance compound
Common Products: Fragranced lotions, shampoos
Benefits/Concerns: Mild allergen; potential irritant
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 1999;40(1):10–13

Anthemis Nobilis (Chamomile)

Function: Anti-inflammatory, soothing agent
Common Products: Sensitive skin creams, baby lotions, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Can soothe skin but may trigger reactions in those with ragweed or plant allergies
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001;26(5):343–347

Argan Oil (Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil)

Function: Emollient, antioxidant, moisturizing agent
Common Products: Hair oils, moisturizers, facial oils, conditioners
Benefits/Concerns: Rich in vitamin E and essential fatty acids; improves skin hydration and elasticity; soothing for dry and sensitive skin; non-comedogenic for most skin types
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Cosmet Dermatol. 2015;14(3):176–182

Avobenzone

Function: UV filter (broad-spectrum)
Common Products: Sunscreens, BB creams
Benefits/Concerns: Effective UVA blocker; can degrade in sunlight unless stabilized; may irritate very sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(5):882–886

Azelaic Acid

Function: Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory
Common Products: Acne treatments, rosacea creams
Benefits/Concerns: Treats acne and rosacea; may cause tingling in sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;34(3):446–450

B

Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)

Function: Deodorizing, exfoliant, pH adjuster
Common Products: Deodorants, scrubs, toothpaste
Benefits/Concerns: Alkaline pH can disrupt skin barrier; may cause dryness or irritation; noted benefits in toothpaste and mouthwash
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Dermatitis. 2003;14(1):26–29

Bakuchiol

Function: Retinol alternative, antioxidant, anti-aging
Common Products: Serums, moisturizers, anti-aging creams
Benefits/Concerns: Promotes collagen production, reduces fine lines, improves skin tone without typical retinol irritation; suitable for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(2):289–296

Balsam of Peru (Myroxylon pereirae Resin)

Function: Fragrance and flavoring agent
Common Products: Perfumes, lip balms, lotions, medicated ointments
Benefits/Concerns: Common allergen; frequently triggers contact dermatitis; not recommended for sensitive or allergy-prone skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Dermatitis. 2015;26(4):180–204

Behentrimonium Methosulfate

Function: Conditioning agent, detangler, emulsifier, cleansing agent
Common Products: Hair conditioners, leave-in treatments, creams
Benefits/Concerns: Smooths hair, reduces static and frizz; gentle and non-irritating; derived from rapeseed oil
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2012;34(3):222–228; Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2018:140–144; Journal of Allergy & Therapy, 2014:1–8; Therapeutics for the Clinician, 2008:87–91; International Journal of Toxicology, 2012:296S–341S

Behenyl Alcohol

Function: Thickener, emulsifier, emollient
Common Products: Creams, lotions, conditioners, sunscreens
Benefits/Concerns: Fatty alcohol that helps stabilize emulsions and soften skin; non-drying and well-tolerated by sensitive skin (unlike drying alcohols)
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2005;24(Suppl 1):1–32

Benzaldehyde

Function: Fragrance, flavoring agent
Common Products: Creams, perfumes, cosmetics
Benefits/Concerns: May cause skin or eye irritation in sensitive users
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Toxicol Lett. 2001;122(2):143–153

Benzalkonium Chloride

Function: Antimicrobial preservative
Common Products: Wipes, nasal sprays, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Can be irritating or sensitizing with frequent use; potential for contact dermatitis
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2005;53(3):145–148

Benzyl Alcohol

Function: Preservative, solvent, fragrance
Common Products: Creams, lotions, baby wipes
Benefits/Concerns: Can cause contact dermatitis or irritation in sensitive skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2011;65(5):256–263

Benzylparaben

Function: Preservative (antimicrobial)
Common Products: Lotions, creams, cosmetics
Benefits/Concerns: Potential endocrine disruptor; rare allergen but still controversial for long-term use in leave-on products
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Crit Rev Toxicol. 2010;40(7):485–504

Bentonite

Function: Absorbent clay, detoxifier, thickening agent
Common Products: Face masks, acne treatments, powders, deodorants
Benefits/Concerns: Absorbs excess oil and impurities; may calm inflamed skin; can be drying if overused on very dry or sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(3):29–36; Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 2016:363–375; International Journal of Toxicology, 2003:37–102

Benzyl Benzoate

Function: Fragrance ingredient, solvent
Common Products: Lice/scabies treatment, perfumes
Benefits/Concerns: Skin sensitizer; potential allergen
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2003;48(5):259–264

Benzyl Cinnamate

Function: Fragrance, fixative
Common Products: Perfumes, scented body care
Benefits/Concerns: Known allergen
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2008;59(3):142–147

Benzyl Salicylate

Function: Fragrance fixative, UV light absorber
Common Products: Perfumes, lotions, creams
Benefits/Concerns: Allergen; can cause contact dermatitis
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2012;66(2):92–100

Benzoyl Peroxide

Function: Acne treatment, antibacterial
Common Products: Acne creams, facial cleansers, spot treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Effective against acne but may cause dryness and irritation
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Am J Clin Dermatol. 2004;5(6):443–448

Biotin (Vitamin B7)

Function: Supports healthy skin, hair, and nails
Common Products: Supplements, hair conditioners, skin creams
Benefits/Concerns: Usually well-tolerated topically; more effective via oral supplementation for deficiency
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Skin Appendage Disord. 2017;3(3):166–169

Bisabolol (from Chamomile)

Function: Anti-inflammatory, soothing agent, skin conditioning
Common Products: Serums, moisturizers, after-sun products, baby care
Benefits/Concerns: Calms irritation; reduces redness; enhances skin healing; well tolerated by sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2009;72(2):361–366

Bronopol

Function: Preservative (antibacterial, antifungal)
Common Products: Shampoos, lotions, baby wipes, creams
Benefits/Concerns: Can release formaldehyde; associated with allergic contact dermatitis and potential nitrosamine formation
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2000;42(2):84–88

Butylene Glycol

Function: Solvent, humectant
Common Products: Serums, creams, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Low risk of irritation; helps retain moisture
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2000;43(3):151–153

Butylparaben

Function: Preservative (antifungal/bacterial)
Common Products: Creams, makeup, deodorants
Benefits/Concerns: Potential endocrine disruptor; more estrogenic than methyl- or ethylparaben
Recommended? ⚠️ NO

Butylphenyl Methylpropional (Lilial)

Function: Fragrance compound
Common Products: Perfumes, creams, deodorants
Benefits/Concerns: Known allergen; banned in EU due to reproductive toxicity
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: SCCS, European Commission. SCCS/1614/19

C

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate

Function: Emollient, solvent, texture enhancer
Common Products: Sunscreens, moisturizers, lotions, conditioners
Benefits/Concerns: Provides a lightweight, silky feel; helps dissolve active ingredients; generally non-irritating and suitable for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2001;20(Suppl 3):67–77

C13-14 Isoparaffin

Function: Emollient, thickener, texture enhancer
Common Products: Creams, lotions, serums, hair conditioners
Benefits/Concerns: Improves spreadability and silky feel; generally considered non-irritating, though petroleum-derived (may not suit those avoiding synthetics)
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2011;30(3 Suppl):149S–165S

C13-16 Isoalkane

Function: Emollient, solvent, texture enhancer
Common Products: Creams, lotions, sunscreens, makeup removers
Benefits/Concerns: Provides a light, non-greasy feel; enhances spreadability; considered safe and non-irritating for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2012;31(3_suppl):145S–163S

Calendula Flower Extract (Calendula officinalis)

Function: Anti-inflammatory, wound healing
Common Products: Diaper creams, balms, sensitive-skin products
Benefits/Concerns: Soothing and calming; generally safe for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2004;30(4):143–147

Cassia Oil

Function: Natural fragrance and antibacterial agent
Common Products: Essential oils, soaps, massage oils
Benefits/Concerns: Strong sensitizer; may trigger allergic reactions
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2006;54(1):25–30

Chamomile (Anthemis Nobilis)

Function: Anti-inflammatory, calming extract
Common Products: Sensitive skin care, baby lotions
Benefits/Concerns: Soothing but may cause allergic reactions in some users
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001;26(5):343–347

Chamomile Extract (Matricaria recutita)

Function: Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, calming agent
Common Products: Creams, baby products, sensitive skin formulas
Benefits/Concerns: Soothes skin; reduces irritation and redness; potential allergen in some cases
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9(6):730–736

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride

Function: Emollient, skin-replenishing agent, dispersing agent
Common Products: Moisturizers, sunscreens, cleansers, hair conditioners
Benefits/Concerns: Lightweight, non-greasy hydration; enhances spreadability; non-irritating and suitable for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(5):AB186

Caprylhydroxamic Acid

Function: Chelating agent, preservative alternative
Common Products: Lotions, creams, serums, natural/“clean” skincare products
Benefits/Concerns: Helps prevent microbial growth; often used in minimal-preservative formulas; non-irritating and suitable for sensitive skin when properly formulated
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Cosmetics. 2016;3(3):26

Carbomer

Function: Thickener, stabilizer, gel-forming agent
Common Products: Gels, creams, lotions, serums
Benefits/Concerns: Improves product texture and consistency; generally non-irritating and safe for sensitive skin when neutralized properly
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2012;31(3_suppl):1S–14S

Cetearyl Alcohol

Function: Emollient, emulsifier, thickener
Common Products: Creams, lotions, conditioners, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Softens and smooths skin and hair; helps stabilize formulations; non-irritating fatty alcohol suitable for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2005;53(1):1–4; J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2016;9(12):25–30

Ceramide NP

Function: Skin barrier repair, moisturizer
Common Products: Creams, lotions, facial moisturizers
Benefits/Concerns: Restores skin barrier; excellent for eczema and dry skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2016;9(12):26–32

Cetrimonium Chloride

Function: Conditioning agent, detangler, preservative
Common Products: Hair conditioners, leave-in treatments, anti-static sprays
Benefits/Concerns: Smooths hair and reduces static; safe in low concentrations, but may cause irritation in some sensitive individuals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2008;27(Suppl 1):1–42

Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose

Function: Thickener, stabilizer, film-forming agent
Common Products: Creams, lotions, gels, shampoos
Benefits/Concerns: Enhances texture and stability; provides a smooth, non-tacky feel; generally non-irritating
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2003;25(2):73–82

Cinnamal (Cinnamaldehyde)

Function: Fragrance and flavor agent
Common Products: Perfumes, toothpaste, lotions
Benefits/Concerns: Common contact allergen
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2014;70(2):63–74

Cinnamic Alcohol

Function: Fragrance ingredient
Common Products: Perfumes, personal care products
Benefits/Concerns: Potential skin allergen
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 1999;41(3):145–150

Cinnamic Aldehyde

Function: Fragrance and flavoring
Common Products: Soaps, lotions, perfumes
Benefits/Concerns: Potent allergen and skin sensitizer
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43(6):733–746

Cinnamon Leaf Oil

Function: Fragrance, antimicrobial
Common Products: Essential oil blends, soaps
Benefits/Concerns: Can cause irritation or allergic dermatitis
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2000;42(1):17–20

Cinnamyl Alcohol

Function: Fragrance ingredient
Common Products: Fragranced products
Benefits/Concerns: Allergen; potential irritant
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2006;54(1):24–29

Citral

Function: Fragrance compound (lemon scent)
Common Products: Lotions, deodorants, perfumes
Benefits/Concerns: Potent allergen; causes dermatitis in sensitized individuals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(4):267–272

Citric Acid

Function: pH adjuster
Common Products: Toners, cleansers, shampoos, exfoliating treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Helps maintain pH balance; gently exfoliates; may cause irritation at high concentrations on very sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(1):48–53

Cocamide MEA

Function: Foaming agent, emulsifier, surfactant
Common Products: Shampoos, facial cleansers, body washes
Benefits/Concerns: Boosts foam and cleanses skin and hair; may cause irritation or allergic contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2004;51(1):1–30

Coco Betaine

Function: Mild surfactant, foam booster, cleansing agent
Common Products: Facial cleansers, shampoos, body washes, baby products
Benefits/Concerns: Derived from coconut oil; generally mild and well-tolerated, but may cause irritation in some individuals or when combined with other surfactants; EWG Recommended? 1 (green)
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2012;67(4):215–221

Coco Glucoside

Function: Mild non-ionic surfactant; cleansing and foaming agent
Common Products: Sensitive-skin face washes, baby cleansers, shampoos, micellar water
Benefits/Concerns: Very gentle cleanser; derived from coconut oil and sugar; non-irritating, biodegradable, and safe for daily use
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2007;29(6):437–445; Contact Dermatitis. 2010;62(4):233–240; Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008;30(3):183–190

Cocoglycerides / Coco-Caprylate / Coconut Oil Derivatives

Function: Emollients; skin conditioning agents
Common Products: Moisturizers, conditioners, body washes
Benefits/Concerns: Gentle, lightweight alternatives to silicones; generally well-tolerated unless coconut allergy is present
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2012;34(4):277–283

Cocoa Butter

Function: Emollient; occlusive moisturizer; skin protectant
Common Products: Body lotions, creams, lip balms, stretch mark treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Rich in fatty acids; deeply hydrates and softens skin; forms a protective barrier; generally well tolerated by sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2000;22(1):51–62

Cocamidopropyl Betaine

Function: Surfactant, foaming agent
Common Products: Shampoos, body washes, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: May cause allergic reactions in some; generally mild
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2004;50(4):217–225

Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine

Function: Surfactant, thickener
Common Products: Shampoos, facial cleansers, body washes
Benefits/Concerns: Milder than SLS; may cause irritation in some
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Dermatitis. 2004;15(2):63–67

Colloidal Oatmeal (Avena Sativa Kernel Flour)

Function: Skin protectant, anti-inflammatory, soothing agent
Common Products: Eczema creams, moisturizers, baby products, bath treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Clinically proven to relieve dryness, irritation, and itching; ideal for sensitive or eczema-prone skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(12):e1–e8

3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde

Function: Fragrance compound
Common Products: Perfumes, lotions, shampoos
Benefits/Concerns: Common allergen; causes allergic contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2002;46(5):267–272

Cyclomethicone

Function: Emollient, solvent, texture enhancer
Common Products: Hair conditioners, skin creams, antiperspirants, makeup
Benefits/Concerns: Provides silky, smooth feel without greasiness; generally non-irritating; may be avoided by those avoiding silicones
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006;28(3):191–199

D

Decyl Glucoside

Function: Mild surfactant; cleansing agent
Common Products: Facial cleansers, body washes, baby shampoos
Benefits/Concerns: Gently cleanses without stripping natural oils; non-irritating and safe for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008;30(3):183–190

Diazolidinyl Urea

Function: Preservative (formaldehyde releaser)
Common Products: Moisturizers, shampoos, cosmetics
Benefits/Concerns: Releases formaldehyde; may trigger contact dermatitis or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22(4):611–617

Dimethicone

Function: Emollient, skin protectant, anti-foaming agent
Common Products: Moisturizers, primers, creams, hair conditioners
Benefits/Concerns: Forms a barrier to lock in moisture; smooths skin and hair texture; non-comedogenic and well tolerated by sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2016;9(12):27–39

Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate

Function: Anti-wrinkle agent; skin-conditioning peptide
Common Products: Anti-aging serums, eye creams, moisturizers
Benefits/Concerns: May help reduce fine lines; well tolerated at cosmetic concentrations
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Cosmet Dermatol. 2013;12(2):108–115

Disodium EDTA

Function: Chelating agent; stabilizer
Common Products: Cleansers, shampoos, creams
Benefits/Concerns: Stabilizes formulations; low irritation risk
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Toxicol Lett. 2005;156(2):293–300

DMDM Hydantoin

Function: Preservative (formaldehyde donor)
Common Products: Shampoos, conditioners, skin creams
Benefits/Concerns: Releases formaldehyde over time; linked to skin sensitivity and allergic reactions, especially in eczema
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2003;49(4):218–225

Dyes (Synthetic Colorants, e.g., FD&C Red 40, Blue 1)

Function: Coloring agents
Common Products: Makeup, shampoos, mouthwash, skincare
Benefits/Concerns: No skin benefit; can cause allergic reactions or irritation in sensitive individuals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2009;60(6):321–325

E

Essential Oils

Function: Fragrance, antimicrobial, various skin effects
Common Products: Natural skincare, shampoos, creams, aromatherapy
Benefits/Concerns: May have therapeutic effects, but often sensitizing or irritating to sensitive skin, especially citrus, mint, and tea tree oils
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Dermatitis. 2015;26(5):255–262

Ethoxydiglycol

Function: Solvent, penetration enhancer, humectant
Common Products: Serums, creams, hair treatments, fragrance sprays
Benefits/Concerns: Enhances delivery of active ingredients; improves product texture; generally considered safe and non-irritating in low concentrations
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2010;29(Suppl 3):147S–159S

Ethylhexylglycerin

Function: Preservative booster; skin conditioner
Common Products: Deodorants, creams, serums
Benefits/Concerns: Mild and well-tolerated alternative to parabens
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2010;62(1):54–58

Ethylparaben

Function: Preservative
Common Products: Lotions, moisturizers, personal care
Benefits/Concerns: Lower estrogenic activity than some parabens but still potential for irritation in sensitized individuals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Food Chem Toxicol. 2002;40(10):1335–1373

Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil

Function: Fragrance, antimicrobial
Common Products: Toothpaste, shampoos, mouthwash
Benefits/Concerns: Potential irritant; avoid near eyes or broken skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2012;67(4):193–200

F

Ferulic Acid

Function: Antioxidant; photoprotective
Common Products: Serums, anti-aging creams, sunscreens
Benefits/Concerns: Neutralizes free radicals; enhances vitamin C stability
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125(4):826–832

Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-Releasing Preservatives

Function: Preservatives (e.g., DMDM Hydantoin, Imidazolidinyl Urea)
Common Products: Shampoos, conditioners, lotions, nail polish
Benefits/Concerns: Effective preservatives, but formaldehyde is a known allergen and carcinogen; strong irritant for sensitive skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Occup Med Toxicol. 2014;9:28

Fragrance (Parfum)

Function: Adds scent to product
Common Products: Almost all personal care products
Benefits/Concerns: Major cause of allergic contact dermatitis; no therapeutic benefit; risk for sensitive skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019;20(3):389–399

G

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride

Function: Conditioning agent; anti-static agent
Common Products: Shampoos, conditioners, leave-in hair products
Benefits/Concerns: Derived from guar gum; improves combability and softness without buildup; non-irritating and suitable for sensitive scalp
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2003;25(3):113–122

Glycerin

Function: Humectant; moisturizer
Common Products: Moisturizers, lotions, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Hydrates the skin by attracting moisture
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:413–421

Glyceryl Stearate

Function: Emollient; emulsifier; skin conditioning agent
Common Products: Moisturizers, creams, lotions, sunscreens
Benefits/Concerns: Softens and smooths skin; helps blend oil and water; generally non-irritating and suitable for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006;28(4):331–338

Glycolic Acid

Function: Exfoliant; alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)
Common Products: Chemical peels, cleansers, exfoliating toners
Benefits/Concerns: Improves skin texture; may cause irritation in sensitive skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Dermatol Surg. 2001;27(9):825–831

Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Extract

Function: Antioxidant; anti-inflammatory
Common Products: Moisturizers, eye creams, serums
Benefits/Concerns: Reduces inflammation; soothes skin and protects from damage
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:1–7

H

Homosalate

Function: UVB absorber
Common Products: Sunscreens; facial moisturizers with SPF
Benefits/Concerns: May disrupt hormones; generally less irritating than oxybenzone but flagged for potential endocrine activity
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109(3):239–244

Honey (Manuka or Medical-Grade)

Function: Antibacterial; humectant; skin-soothing agent
Common Products: Healing balms, masks, moisturizers, wound care creams
Benefits/Concerns: Promotes wound healing; reduces inflammation; retains moisture; suitable for sensitive or compromised skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Clin Exp Dermatol. 2011;36(6):595–599

Hyaluronic Acid / Sodium Hyaluronate

Function: Hydration; skin plumping
Common Products: Serums, moisturizers, eye creams
Benefits/Concerns: Excellent for dry skin; enhances moisture retention
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Dermatol Ther. 2008;21 Suppl 1:S33–S36

Hydrogenated Lanolin

Function: Emollient
Common Products: Lotions, diaper creams, ointments
Benefits/Concerns: Less sensitizing than raw lanolin, but still allergenic for some
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Dermatitis. 2004;15(4):181–186

Hydrolyzed Oat Protein

Function: Humectant; skin and hair conditioning agent
Common Products: Moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, body washes
Benefits/Concerns: Enhances hydration and elasticity; forms a soothing, protective barrier; excellent for sensitive or reactive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Cosmet Dermatol. 2007;6(3):183–186

Hydroquinone

Function: Skin lightener
Common Products: Dark spot correctors, prescription brighteners
Benefits/Concerns: Effective for hyperpigmentation but may cause irritation and long-term risks
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2010;3(2):75–81

Hydroxypropylsulfonate (Sodium Hydroxypropylsulfonate Laurylglucoside Crosspolymer)

Function: Mild surfactant; cleansing agent
Common Products: Facial cleansers, baby wash, shampoos
Benefits/Concerns: Very mild; non-irritating; safe for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Cosmetics. 2020;7(3):65

I

Imidazolidinyl Urea

Function: Preservative (formaldehyde releaser)
Common Products: Creams, lotions, facial cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Common allergen due to slow formaldehyde release; may cause irritation or sensitization
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 1992;26(4):243–248

Isopropyl Palmitate

Function: Emollient; texture enhancer
Common Products: Creams, lotions, makeup, hair conditioners
Benefits/Concerns: Improves spreadability and skin feel
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2008;58(3):167–174; J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(3):507–512

Inositol

Function: Moisturizer; skin- and hair-conditioning agent
Common Products: Moisturizers, anti-aging creams, shampoos, serums
Benefits/Concerns: Supports skin hydration and elasticity; helps regulate cell functions; well tolerated by sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Cosmet Sci. 2009;60(6):637–644

J

Jojoba Oil / Jojoba Esters (Simmondsia Chinensis)

Function: Emollient; skin softener
Common Products: Facial oils, moisturizers, hair serums
Benefits/Concerns: Mimics skin sebum; well-tolerated and soothing
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2013;148(6):687–691

K

Kojic Acid

Function: Skin brightening (tyrosinase inhibitor)
Common Products: Serums, lotions, spot treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Helps fade pigmentation; may irritate in high concentrations
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Int J Dermatol. 2002;41(11):743–748

Kaolin Clay

Function: Absorbent; gentle exfoliant; skin soother
Common Products: Face masks, cleansers, bar soaps, baby powders
Benefits/Concerns: Calms sensitive skin; reduces oil and shine; non-irritating for most skin types
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2016;38(4):357–367

L

L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Function: Antioxidant; collagen booster
Common Products: Serums, moisturizers, sunscreens
Benefits/Concerns: Brightens skin and fights free radicals; unstable and pH-sensitive
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(7 Pt 2):814–822

Lanolin (Hydrous and Anhydrous)

Function: Emollient; skin softener
Common Products: Ointments, creams, lip balms
Benefits/Concerns: Moisturizing and occlusive, but can cause allergic contact dermatitis in sensitive skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2001;45(2):85–88

Lanolin (Wool Alcohols)

Function: Emollient; moisturizing agent
Common Products: Lip balms, ointments, creams
Benefits/Concerns: Excellent moisturizer; however, lanolin and its alcohol derivatives can cause allergic reactions in sensitive or eczema-prone individuals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Dermatitis. 2017;28(3):188–194

Laureth-7

Function: Surfactant, emulsifier, solubilizer
Common Products: Cleansers, creams, lotions, shampoos
Benefits/Concerns: Helps mix oil and water, enhances cleansing; generally considered safe, but may cause mild irritation in sensitive or broken skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2005;24(Suppl 1):37–91

Lauryl Glucoside

Function: Mild surfactant, foaming agent
Common Products: Shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Derived from natural sources, gentle on skin, enhances foam; well tolerated by sensitive skin types
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(5):AB91

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

Function: Fragrance, antimicrobial, antioxidant
Common Products: Oils, creams, masks, shampoos
Benefits/Concerns: Soothing scent and possible antimicrobial properties, but can be irritating or allergenic to sensitive skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2008;58(1):9–14

Licorice Root Extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra)

Function: Soothing agent, skin brightener, anti-inflammatory
Common Products: Serums, moisturizers, spot treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Reduces redness, calms sensitive skin, helps with hyperpigmentation; may cause irritation in very high concentrations
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121(6):1306–1308

Linalyl Acetate

Function: Fragrance component (found in lavender, bergamot)
Common Products: Perfumes, creams, essential oils
Benefits/Concerns: Natural floral scent; potential allergen in sensitive individuals; linked to allergic contact dermatitis
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2008;58(1):9–14

M

Madecassoside (from Centella asiatica)

Function: Skin-soothing, anti-inflammatory, wound healing
Common Products: Moisturizers, serums, barrier creams
Benefits/Concerns: Helps calm irritation and repair the skin barrier; well-tolerated for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(12):25419–25441

Mandelic Acid

Function: AHA exfoliant
Common Products: Peels, cleansers, serums
Benefits/Concerns: Gentler exfoliant; helps acne and pigmentation
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Dermatol Ther. 2018;31(4):e12643

MDM Hydantoin

Function: Preservative (formaldehyde releaser)
Common Products: Similar usage as DMDM Hydantoin
Benefits/Concerns: Formaldehyde-related safety concerns (see DMDM Hydantoin)
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2003;49(4):218–225

Methyl Gluceth

Function: Humectant, skin-conditioning agent, emollient
Common Products: Moisturizers, serums, cleansers, toners
Benefits/Concerns: Draws moisture to the skin, improves smoothness and hydration, gentle and well tolerated by sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006;28(5):385–391

Methylparaben

Function: Preservative (broad-spectrum antimicrobial)
Common Products: Moisturizers, facial cleansers, shampoo
Benefits/Concerns: Low allergenic potential, but under scrutiny due to hormone disruption concerns; can cause irritation in very sensitive skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Dermatol Ther. 2004;17(3):263–268

Methylparaben

Function: Preservative (broad-spectrum antimicrobial)
Common Products: Moisturizers, facial cleansers, shampoo
Benefits/Concerns: Low allergenic potential, but under scrutiny due to hormone disruption concerns; can cause irritation in very sensitive skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Dermatol Ther. 2004;17(3):263–268

Methylisothiazolinone (MI) / Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)

Function: Preservatives (antibacterial and antifungal)
Common Products: Shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, wipes
Benefits/Concerns: Highly sensitizing preservatives; linked to allergic contact dermatitis, especially in leave-on products; banned in EU for leave-on use
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Dermatitis. 2014;25(5):215–227

Mineral Oil

Function: Occlusive moisturizer, barrier support
Common Products: Creams, ointments, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Non-comedogenic and soothing for dry skin; often misunderstood but generally safe and non-irritating
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Cosmet Dermatol. 2008;7(2):88–93

Mint Oil / Extract

Function: Fragrance, flavoring, cooling agent
Common Products: Toothpaste, lip balm, shampoos, facial cleansers, aftershave
Benefits/Concerns: Cooling and soothing at low levels, but often irritating to sensitive or compromised skin; potential allergen
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Dermatitis. 2009;20(3):157–160

N

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)

Function: Anti-inflammatory, brightening, barrier repair
Common Products: Serums, moisturizers, acne treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Reduces redness and improves barrier function
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2016;9(7):10–16

O

Oat Kernel Oil (Avena Sativa Kernel Oil)

Function: Emollient, antioxidant, barrier-repair agent
Common Products: Facial oils, moisturizers, baby care, scalp treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Rich in ceramides and linoleic acid; helps restore skin barrier, soothe irritation, and reduce redness; well-suited for sensitive and dry skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2018;11:333–340

Octocrylene

Function: UVB filter and stabilizer for other sunscreen agents (e.g., avobenzone)
Common Products: Sunscreens, anti-aging creams, BB creams
Benefits/Concerns: May cause allergic contact dermatitis and photoallergy; can accumulate in the body and environment
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2021;84(3):129–137

Oxybenzone

Function: Chemical sunscreen (UVB and short UVA protection)
Common Products: Sunscreens, moisturizers with SPF, lip balms
Benefits/Concerns: Potential allergen, may cause photoallergic reactions; endocrine disruption concerns; high absorption through skin reported
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(2):394–396

P

Panthenol (Pro-Vitamin B5)

Function: Humectant, moisturizer
Common Products: Lotions, shampoos, conditioners
Benefits/Concerns: Soothes, hydrates, improves skin and scalp barrier
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Cosmet Toiletries. 2004;119(10):75–84

Parabens (Methylparaben, Propylparaben, etc.)

Function: Preservatives (prevent microbial growth)
Common Products: Lotions, shampoos, makeup, sunscreens
Benefits/Concerns: Effective and low-cost preservatives; generally low risk at typical concentrations, but concern exists over potential hormone disruption and cumulative exposure; some sensitive individuals may react
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Appl Toxicol. 2010;30(5):389–403

PEGs (Polyethylene Glycols)

Function: Emollients, thickeners, solvents
Common Products: Creams, cleansers, ointments
Benefits/Concerns: Generally safe; potential contamination (1,4-dioxane) concern
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Food Chem Toxicol. 2003;41(11):1465–1470

Peppermint Oil / Extract

Function: Cooling agent, fragrance, antimicrobial
Common Products: Lip balm, toothpaste, scalp treatments, acne products
Benefits/Concerns: Contains menthol, which may cause stinging, irritation, or allergic reactions; not recommended for sensitive or eczema-prone skin
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011;12(4):231–236

Peptides (e.g., Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8)

Function: Cell-communicating ingredient, anti-aging, skin-firming
Common Products: Serums, eye creams, moisturizers
Benefits/Concerns: Help stimulate collagen production, improve skin elasticity, and reduce wrinkles; generally non-irritating and suitable for sensitive skin depending on formulation
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2012;34(3):193–199

Petrolatum

Function: Occlusive moisturizer, skin protectant
Common Products: Ointments, healing balms, lip treatments, eczema creams
Benefits/Concerns: Prevents water loss by forming a protective barrier; highly effective for dry, cracked, or sensitive skin; non-comedogenic and dermatologist approved
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):885–891

Phthalates (e.g. DEP, DBP)

Function: Solvent, fixative in fragrances
Common Products: Perfumes, nail polish, hair sprays
Benefits/Concerns: Endocrine disruptor concerns; often hidden under “fragrance” label
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Environ Int. 2015;83:287–294

Phenoxyethanol ⚠️ /

Function: Preservative
Common Products: Deodorants, lotions, serums
Benefits/Concerns: Broad-spectrum preservative; generally safe but may irritate sensitive skin or eyes; considered gentler than parabens/formaldehyde releasers
Recommended? ⚠️ / ✅ YES
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2000;43(5):297–302; JEADV. 2019;15–24

Polyacrylamide

Function: Film-forming agent, thickener, stabilizer
Common Products: Lotions, creams, sunscreens, hair gels
Benefits/Concerns: Improves product texture and spreadability; generally non-irritating in low concentrations, but concerns exist over potential acrylamide residue (a known neurotoxin)
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2005;24(Suppl 2):21–50

Polyacrylate-14

Function: Film-former, thickener, stabilizer
Common Products: Gels, creams, sunscreens, serums
Benefits/Concerns: Helps stabilize emulsions and improve product texture; generally considered safe
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2010;29(Suppl 3):223S–243S

Polyquaternium-7

Function: Conditioning agent, anti-static, film former
Common Products: Hair conditioners, shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Smooths hair, reduces static and frizz, enhances softness; non-irritating
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2005;27(4):243–252

Polyquaternium-10

Function: Film-forming agent, conditioning agent, anti-static
Common Products: Shampoos, conditioners, styling products, lotions
Benefits/Concerns: Improves hair manageability and shine, moisturizes skin; considered gentle
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Soc Cosmet Chem. 1991;42:1–9

Polysorbate 20/60/80

Function: Emulsifier, surfactant
Common Products: Creams, lotions, makeup removers
Benefits/Concerns: Low irritation; may carry fragrances that can sensitize
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24(2):103–111

Potassium Sorbate

Function: Preservative, antimicrobial
Common Products: Lotions, creams, shampoos, makeup
Benefits/Concerns: Prevents growth of mold/yeast; generally low risk, but may cause mild irritation
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2001;45(5):267–272

Propylene Glycol

Function: Humectant, solvent, conditioning agent
Common Products: Moisturizers, serums, shampoos, makeup, toothpaste
Benefits/Concerns: Helps retain moisture and penetration; may cause irritation or allergic reactions
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(5):251–257

Propylparaben

Function: Preservative
Common Products: Sunscreens, cosmetics, skincare
Benefits/Concerns: Potential endocrine disruptor; more sensitizing than methylparaben
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Toxicol Sci. 2002;66(2):238–246

R

Retinol (Vitamin A)

Function: Cell turnover, anti-aging, acne treatment
Common Products: Night creams, serums, acne treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Improves texture but can cause dryness, flaking
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2008;1(4):22–27

S

Salicylic Acid

Function: Exfoliant, unclogs pores, anti-inflammatory
Common Products: Acne washes, exfoliating pads, toners
Benefits/Concerns: Effective for acne; may cause irritation/dryness
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(1):43–48

Shea Butter

Function: Emollient, moisturizer, anti-inflammatory
Common Products: Body butters, creams, lip balms, conditioners
Benefits/Concerns: Nourishes dry skin, restores barrier function, well tolerated
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2010;3(4):29–32

Sodium Benzoate

Function: Preservative
Common Products: Shampoos, cleansers, food
Benefits/Concerns: Prevents bacterial/fungal growth; safe at normal use
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2017;36 Suppl 3:5S–30S

Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate

Function: Surfactant, cleansing agent
Common Products: Shampoos, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Strong cleanser; can be drying
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2008;27(Suppl 1):1–102

Sodium Chloride

Function: Viscosity adjuster, abrasive
Common Products: Shampoos, scrubs, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Thickener; safe but drying in high concentrations
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2005;52(1):39–43

Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate

Function: Mild surfactant, conditioning agent
Common Products: Cleansers, shampoos, baby washes
Benefits/Concerns: Gentle, non-irritating; ideal for sensitive skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006;28(5):359–370

Sodium Coco-Sulfate / Sulfates

Function: Surfactants, cleansing agents
Common Products: Shampoos, cleansers, toothpaste
Benefits/Concerns: Effective foaming; can strip natural oils, irritate
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983;8(5):702–706

Sodium Hyaluronate

Function: Humectant, skin hydrator
Common Products: Serums, moisturizers, eye creams
Benefits/Concerns: Deep hydration, improves elasticity
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2011;4(7):32–40

Sodium Lauroyl Methyl Isethionate

Function: Mild surfactant, foaming agent
Common Products: Sulfate-free cleansers, shampoos
Benefits/Concerns: Gentle, high-foam even in hard water
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6):e13975

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)

Function: Cleansing agent, foaming
Common Products: Toothpaste, shampoo, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: High irritation risk
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2001;45(5):280–285

Sodium PCA

Function: Humectant, skin-replenishing agent
Common Products: Moisturizers, toners, conditioners
Benefits/Concerns: Attracts moisture; non-irritating
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Dermatol Sci. 2008;50(3):217–223

Sorbitol

Function: Humectant, thickener
Common Products: Toothpaste, moisturizers, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Retains moisture, gentle
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Cosmet Sci. 2005;27(2):133–141

Spearmint Oil / Extract

Function: Fragrance, flavor, antimicrobial
Common Products: Toothpaste, deodorants
Benefits/Concerns: Contains carvone, a sensitizer; may irritate
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Contact Dermatitis. 2003;48(4):222–226

Squalane

Function: Moisturizer, antioxidant
Common Products: Oils, serums, face creams
Benefits/Concerns: Hydrating, non-comedogenic, safe
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Cosmet Dermatol. 2009;8(1):30–38

Stearic Acid

Function: Emulsifier, emollient
Common Products: Creams, lotions, soaps
Benefits/Concerns: Stabilizes formulations; non-irritating
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Cosmetics. 2016;3(3):33

Sunflower Seed Oil

Function: Emollient, barrier enhancer
Common Products: Moisturizers, oils, baby products
Benefits/Concerns: High in linoleic acid; supports hydration
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Pediatr Dermatol. 2000;17(4):264–267

T

Tea Tree Oil

Function: Antimicrobial, anti-acne
Common Products: Spot treatments, shampoos
Benefits/Concerns: Effective vs acne bacteria; sensitizing potential
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):50–62

Tetrasodium EDTA

Function: Chelating agent
Common Products: Cleansers, shampoos, creams
Benefits/Concerns: Stabilizes formulas; may enhance absorption of other chemicals
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: J Toxicol Environ Health B. 2007;10(7):527–539

Titanium Dioxide

Function: UV filter, physical sunscreen
Common Products: Sunscreens, foundations
Benefits/Concerns: Non-irritating, safe
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009;25(6):318–319

Tocopherol (Vitamin E)

Function: Antioxidant, moisturization
Common Products: Creams, serums, lip balms
Benefits/Concerns: Helps protect from damage; rare allergen
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Mol Sci. 2010;11(2):522–527

Tranexamic Acid

Function: Skin brightener
Common Products: Serums, spot treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Reduces melasma and pigmentation
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021;14(1):45–50

Triethanolamine

Function: pH adjuster, emulsifier
Common Products: Creams, sunscreens, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Balances pH but can irritate at high levels
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(Suppl 6):59S–83S

Triheptanoin

Function: Emollient, conditioning
Common Products: Moisturizers, creams
Benefits/Concerns: Lightweight hydration, barrier repair
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(1):64–70

U

Urea

Function: Humectant, keratolytic
Common Products: Lotions, foot creams
Benefits/Concerns: Hydrates dry skin; can sting broken skin
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Invest Dermatol. 2002;118(4):690–696

V

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Function: Antioxidant, skin brightener
Common Products: Serums, moisturizers
Benefits/Concerns: Fades pigmentation; may irritate at high strength
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(7):14–17

Vitamin F (Linoleic Acid)

Function: Skin barrier support, emollient
Common Products: Facial oils, moisturizers
Benefits/Concerns: Calms and restores barrier; safe
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2018;11(1):33–39

W

Willow Bark Extract

Function: Natural source of salicylates
Common Products: Natural acne products, cleansers
Benefits/Concerns: Gentler than salicylic acid but still irritating for some
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Phytother Res. 2001;15(4):327–331

Witch Hazel

Function: Astringent, anti-inflammatory
Common Products: Toners, acne treatments
Benefits/Concerns: Natural toner; may dry or irritate due to alcohol/tannins
Recommended? ⚠️ NO
Reference: Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11(4):267–273

X

Xanthan Gum

Function: Thickener, stabilizer
Common Products: Creams, lotions, gels
Benefits/Concerns: Generally non-irritating
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Int J Biol Macromol. 2016;92:1205–1213

Xylitol

Function: Humectant, antimicrobial
Common Products: Toothpaste, mouthwash, moisturizers
Benefits/Concerns: Hydrates, reduces bacteria, safe
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: Caries Res. 2004;38(3):204–209

Z

Zinc Oxide

Function: UV protection, skin protectant
Common Products: Sunscreens, diaper creams, ointments
Benefits/Concerns: Broad-spectrum sun protection; non-irritating
Recommended? ✅ YES
Reference: J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7(4):365–369

This information is educational only, not medical advice. Coordinate with your dermatologist for recommended use and dosage.